Passenger Rights

Know your rights when things go wrong

A plain-language summary of what airlines owe you when flights are delayed, cancelled, overbooked, or when baggage is lost or damaged. Rights vary by jurisdiction — always check the rules that apply to your specific flight.

Informational onlyThis page is a guide, not legal advice. Airline liability depends on the route, ticket, and applicable law (EU 261/2004, US DOT 14 CFR 250, Montreal Convention 1999, Canada APPR, UK 261, and others).

Rights that generally apply everywhere

  • Right to information

    Airlines must clearly inform you of the reason for a delay or cancellation, your options, and any assistance you are entitled to.

  • Right to a refund for cancelled flights

    If your flight is cancelled and you choose not to travel, you are entitled to a full refund of the unused portion of your ticket — usually within 7 days.

  • Right to care during long delays

    For delays of several hours, the airline must provide reasonable care.

    • Meals and refreshments proportional to the waiting time
    • Two phone calls / emails
    • Hotel accommodation and transport if an overnight stay is required
  • Right to re-routing

    You may choose between a refund and re-routing to your final destination at the earliest opportunity, or at a later date of your choice subject to availability.

  • Baggage liability (Montreal Convention)

    For international flights, airlines are liable for lost, damaged, or delayed baggage up to approximately 1,288 SDR (~USD 1,700). File a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) at the airport before leaving.

  • Right to non-discrimination

    Airlines cannot deny you carriage, care, or compensation based on race, gender, disability, or nationality. Passengers with reduced mobility have additional assistance rights.

EU 261 / 2004 (and UK 261)

Applies to any flight departing an EU/UK airport, or arriving in the EU/UK on an EU/UK carrier.

  • Cash compensation for long delays and cancellations

    If you arrive 3+ hours late at your destination, or your flight is cancelled with less than 14 days' notice, and the cause is within the airline's control:

    • €250 for flights up to 1,500 km
    • €400 for intra-EU flights over 1,500 km and other flights between 1,500–3,500 km
    • €600 for flights over 3,500 km
  • Denied boarding (overbooking)

    If you are involuntarily denied boarding, you are entitled to the same compensation amounts above, plus care and re-routing or refund.

  • Downgrading

    If you are placed in a lower class than booked, you are entitled to reimbursement of 30–75% of the ticket price for that segment.

  • Extraordinary circumstances exception

    No cash compensation is owed if the cause is truly outside the airline's control (severe weather, air-traffic-control strikes, security risks). Care and re-routing rights still apply.

United States (US DOT)

Applies to flights on US carriers, and any flight to/from the US.

  • Refund for cancellation or significant change

    As of 2024, US DOT requires automatic cash refunds (not vouchers) when your flight is cancelled or significantly changed and you choose not to travel.

  • Denied boarding compensation (14 CFR 250)

    Involuntary bumping compensation depends on delay to your destination:

    • 0–1 hour late: no compensation
    • 1–2 hours (domestic) / 1–4 hours (international): 200% of one-way fare, up to $1,075
    • Over 2 hours (domestic) / over 4 hours (international): 400% of one-way fare, up to $2,150
  • Tarmac delay rule

    Airlines cannot keep you on the tarmac more than 3 hours (domestic) or 4 hours (international) without giving you the option to deplane.

  • Baggage fees refund

    Checked baggage fees must be refunded if the bag is declared lost, or if it is significantly delayed and does not arrive with you.

Canada (APPR)

Air Passenger Protection Regulations — applies to all flights to, from, or within Canada.

  • Compensation for delays within airline control

    For delays at arrival caused by the airline (not safety-related):

    • 3–6 hours: CAD 400 (large carriers) / CAD 125 (small carriers)
    • 6–9 hours: CAD 700 / CAD 250
    • 9+ hours: CAD 1,000 / CAD 500
  • Standards of treatment

    For delays of 2+ hours: food, drinks, and communication. For overnight delays: hotel and transport.

  • Denied boarding

    Up to CAD 2,400 depending on the length of the delay to arrival.

  • Baggage

    Lost or damaged baggage compensation up to approximately CAD 2,300 per passenger under the Montreal Convention.

Montreal Convention 1999 (international baggage & injury)

Applies to nearly all international flights between signatory countries.

  • Lost, damaged or delayed baggage

    Up to 1,288 SDR (~USD 1,700 / EUR 1,600) per passenger. File claims within: 7 days for damaged bags, 21 days for delayed bags, and typically 2 years for lost bags.

  • Death or injury

    Airline is strictly liable up to 128,821 SDR for proven damages, with no cap for negligence.

  • Delay (proven damages)

    Up to 5,346 SDR per passenger for provable expenses caused by delay — receipts required.

Airline not honouring your rights?

Submit a report. Verified reports go on the public record and affect the airline's monthly Reliability Score. You can also request help claiming compensation.

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